First-Pass Metabolism From Oral Dosing: Problems with Drug Bioavailability and Adverse Effects
Advantages of Topical Cream vs. Pills
• Avoids first-pass GI and hepatic metabolism reducing the incidence and severity of adverse side effects in the stomach & liver.
• Provides for consistent control of drug absorption.
• Therapeutic blood levels are achieved with lower absorbed dosages.
• Improved patient compliance.
• Ability to deliver drugs more selectively to a specific site.
• Reduced exposure to undesirable metabolites.
Advantages of Topical Cream vs. Patches
• Can deliver drugs with larger molecular weights and higher daily dosage requirements.
• No limitations related to poor patch adhesion or discomfort.
• Improved patient compliance.
Advantages of Topical Cream vs. Inhalers & Nasal Sprays
• Improved patient compliance via greater ease of use and less discomfort.
• Less severe side effects with a cream - reactions in the lungs (inhalers) or nasal passages (nasal sprays) can affect breathing.